Nephrology · Clinical Calculator · Kidney Function

EKFC vs CKD-EPI eGFR Creatinine, Cystatin C, and Combined, Side by Side

The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equations rescale creatinine or cystatin C by the median value in healthy people (Q) and span childhood to old age without a jump at 18. This tool runs all three EKFC equations next to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 equations and shows when the choice of equation moves a patient across a KDIGO G category.

Published: References: 6 Read time:

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Instructions
  1. Enter age (18 years or older for the side-by-side comparison) and sex.
  2. Enter a standardized (IDMS-traceable) serum creatinine, a standardized cystatin C, or both. Results update as you type.
  3. Optionally add height and weight to see absolute GFR in mL/min (de-indexed from 1.73 m²) for drug dosing.

All computation runs in your browser; no values are stored or transmitted beyond your own device.

When to Use

Use in a stable adult when you want to know whether the estimating equation itself changes the KDIGO G category: at a referral or drug-dosing threshold (60, 45, 30, 15 mL/min/1.73 m²), when a cystatin C result is available, or when explaining why a European laboratory report differs from a CKD-EPI report.

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When NOT to rely on it

No static equation is valid in acute kidney injury (AKI) or any non-steady state, on dialysis, in pregnancy, or at extremes of muscle mass, diet, or illness. Use a kinetic eGFR in AKI and a measured GFR (iohexol, iothalamate, or radionuclide clearance) when a high-stakes decision depends on the number.

Pearls & Pitfalls
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How EKFC is built

EKFC divides the biomarker by Q, the median level in healthy people of that age and sex, then applies one curve: GFR is stable while creatinine rises before age 40, and GFR declines while creatinine is flat after 40. Q for creatinine is 80 µmol/L (0.90 mg/dL) in men and 62 µmol/L (0.70 mg/dL) in women from age 25. Q for cystatin C is the same in men and women (0.83 mg/L below age 50), which makes EKFC cystatin C race- and sex-free (Pottel et al., 2021, 2023).

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The 2026 sex-specific shift

In three European cohorts (more than 9000 people), switching from CKD-EPI to EKFC creatinine moved men and women alike toward more severe categories. Switching to EKFC cystatin C or combined moved women, much more than men, to milder categories: women in G3a were 1.6 to 2.7 times more likely than men to shift to G2 in the CKD cohorts, and up to 5.7 times in the population cohort. Kidney failure prediction was equivalent once age, sex, and albuminuria were in the model (Schultheiss et al., 2026).

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Pitfalls

(1) Better outcome prediction does not prove a more accurate GFR: dialysis start is a clinical decision, not a filtration measurement (Delanaye & Agarwal, 2026). (2) Cystatin C is falsely high (eGFR falsely low) with systemic glucocorticoids, obesity, inflammation, smoking, and thyroid disease; creatinine misleads with low or high muscle mass and with drugs that block its secretion (trimethoprim, cimetidine, dolutegravir, cobicistat). (3) Even combined equations place only about 85% to 90% of estimates within 30% of measured GFR.

EKFC and CKD-EPI eGFR Comparison

Creatinine unit:
Standardized (IDMS) assay. Optional if cystatin C is entered.
Standardized (ERM-DA471/IFCC) assay. Optional.
With height, gives absolute GFR (mL/min).
Next Steps
  • Equations agree on the category: stage and act on the combined value when you have both markers (KDIGO 2024 favors eGFR from creatinine and cystatin C when confirmation matters).
  • Equations straddle a threshold that changes management (referral, metformin or SGLT2 inhibitor initiation, drug dose band): use the combined estimate, repeat the tests, and consider a measured GFR before acting.
  • Creatinine and cystatin C disagree by more than 30%: look for a non-GFR cause (muscle mass, steroids, thyroid disease, inflammation, interfering drugs); the combined equation is the least biased option.
  • Drug dosing: use the absolute GFR (mL/min) at extremes of body size, as in the Carboplatin Calvert calculator; compare with the Cockcroft-Gault calculator when a label specifies creatinine clearance.
  • For single-equation pages see CKD-EPI 2021 creatinine and CKD-EPI creatinine–cystatin C; for which test to order, the Which Kidney Test helper.
Evidence

EKFC equation (creatinine or cystatin C)

eGFR = 107.3 × (biomarker/Q)−α × 0.990(age − 40) [age factor only when age > 40], with α = 0.322 when biomarker/Q < 1 and α = 1.132 when biomarker/Q ≥ 1.

Q valueMenWomen
Creatinine, age ≥ 2580 µmol/L (0.90 mg/dL)62 µmol/L (0.70 mg/dL)
Creatinine, age 18–24Age-specific polynomial: ln Q = 3.200 + 0.259·age − 0.543·ln(age) − 0.00763·age² + 0.0000790·age³ (men); 3.080 + 0.177·age − 0.223·ln(age) − 0.00596·age² + 0.0000686·age³ (women); Q in µmol/L
Cystatin C0.83 mg/L below age 50; 0.83 + 0.005 × (age − 50) from age 50 (same for both sexes)

EKFC combined = arithmetic mean of EKFC creatinine and EKFC cystatin C, which was more accurate than either alone (Pottel et al., 2023).

CKD-EPI comparators

Creatinine: CKD-EPI 2021 race-free. Cystatin C alone: CKD-EPI 2012. Combined: CKD-EPI 2021 creatinine–cystatin C (Inker et al., 2021).

Reclassification (Schultheiss et al., 2026)

CohortSwitch toWomen vs men shifting to a milder category
NURTuRE-CKD (n = 2589)EKFC combinedG3a→G2: 13% vs 8% (ratio 1.62); G3b→G3a: 18% vs 10% (1.8)
NURTuRE-CKDEKFC cystatin CG3a→G2 ratio 2.7; G3b→G3a ratio 3.0
RENIS-3 (population, measured GFR)EKFC cystatin CG3a→G2 ratio 5.7; G3b→G3a ratio 5
All three cohortsEKFC creatinineNo sex-preferential shift

In the German CKD study (n = 5085, 8.5 years), the hazard of kidney failure per 10 mL/min/1.73 m² lower eGFR was 2.14 with CKD-EPI combined and 2.26 with EKFC combined after adjustment for age, sex, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).

Important: This calculator is an educational aid for licensed clinicians. eGFR equations estimate measured GFR in populations; individual estimates can differ from true GFR by more than 30%. Confirm with measured GFR when a decision depends on it.
References 6 sources
  1. Pottel, H., Björk, J., Courbebaisse, M., Couzi, L., Ebert, N., Eriksen, B. O., Dalton, R. N., Dubourg, L., Gaillard, F., Garrouste, C., Grubb, A., Jacquemont, L., Hansson, M., Kamar, N., Lamb, E. J., Legendre, C., Littmann, K., Mariat, C., Melsom, T., . . . Delanaye, P. (2021). Development and validation of a modified full age spectrum creatinine-based equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate: A cross-sectional analysis of pooled data. Annals of Internal Medicine, 174(2), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-4366
  2. Pottel, H., Björk, J., Rule, A. D., Ebert, N., Eriksen, B. O., Dubourg, L., Vidal-Petiot, E., Grubb, A., Hansson, M., Lamb, E. J., Littmann, K., Mariat, C., Melsom, T., Schaeffner, E., Sundin, P. O., Åkesson, A., Larsson, A., Cavalier, E., Bukabau, J. B., . . . Delanaye, P. (2023). Cystatin C–based equation to estimate GFR without the inclusion of race and sex. New England Journal of Medicine, 388(4), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2203769
  3. Inker, L. A., Eneanya, N. D., Coresh, J., Tighiouart, H., Wang, D., Sang, Y., Crews, D. C., Doria, A., Estrella, M. M., Froissart, M., Grams, M. E., Greene, T., Grubb, A., Gudnason, V., Gutiérrez, O. M., Kalil, R., Karger, A. B., Mauer, M., Navis, G., . . . Levey, A. S. (2021). New creatinine- and cystatin C–based equations to estimate GFR without race. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(19), 1737–1749. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2102953
  4. Schultheiss, U. T., Möller, J., McDonnell, T., Melsom, T., Schlosser, P., Wuttke, M., Sekula, P., Kalra, P. A., Eriksen, B. O., Taal, M. W., Köttgen, A., Eckardt, K.-U., Schaeffner, E., & Steinbrenner, I. (2026). Sex-specific shifts in CKD classification using European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) as compared to CKD Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) eGFR equations. Kidney International, 110(5), 1271–1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2026.06.034
  5. Delanaye, P., & Agarwal, R. (2026). Estimating GFR: What it is, what it is not, and why prediction cannot settle the question. Kidney International, 110(5), 1106–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2026.07.015
  6. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. (2024). KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International, 105(4S), S117–S314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018
Dr. W Rivero, MD

W Rivero, MD, FPCP, DPSN

Specialist in Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Clinical Nutrition. Practicing integrative and evidence-based nephrology across Quezon City, Pampanga, and Bulacan.

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